--- scripts: - part: "" content: "" demos: - part: "" content: "" --- # 服务拆分实战本节将通过实战演示，将单体商城应用拆分为微服务。我们将从创建父项目开始，逐步拆分出用户服务、商品服务和订单服务。本节将学习：创建父项目、拆分用户服务、拆分商品服务、拆分订单服务，以及服务间通信问题。 ```mermaid graph TB A[Monolithic App] --> B[Create Parent Project] B --> C[Extract User Service] B --> D[Extract Product Service] B --> E[Extract Order Service] C --> F[User Database] D --> G[Product Database] E --> H[Order Database] E --> I[Service Communication] style A fill:#e1f5ff style B fill:#e8f5e9 style C fill:#fff4e1 style D fill:#f3e5f5 style E fill:#ffcccc style I fill:#e1f5ff ``` ## 步骤1：创建父项目 ### 父项目结构首先创建一个 Maven 父项目，用于管理所有微服务的依赖版本。 项目结构： ``` mall-microservices/ ├── pom.xml # 父 POM ├── user-service/ # 用户服务模块 ├── product-service/ # 商品服务模块 ├── order-service/ # 订单服务模块 ├── payment-service/ # 支付服务模块 ├── inventory-service/ # 库存服务模块 └── gateway-service/ # 网关服务模块 ``` ### 父 POM 配置 文件路径： `mall-microservices/pom.xml` ```xml 4.0.0 com.mall mall-microservices 1.0.0 pom Mall Microservices Parent 微服务商城父项目 user-service product-service order-service payment-service inventory-service gateway-service 21 21 21 UTF-8

3.2.0

2023.0.0

2022.0.0.0

3.5.5

8.0.33 1.18.30 5.8.23 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-dependencies ${spring-boot.version} pom import org.springframework.cloud spring-cloud-dependencies ${spring-cloud.version} pom import com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies ${spring-cloud-alibaba.version} pom import com.baomidou mybatis-plus-boot-starter ${mybatis-plus.version} com.mysql mysql-connector-j ${mysql.version} org.projectlombok lombok ${lombok.version} cn.hutool hutool-all ${hutool.version} org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin ${spring-boot.version} ``` ## 步骤2：拆分用户服务 ### 创建用户服务模块 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/pom.xml` ```xml 4.0.0 com.mall mall-microservices 1.0.0 user-service User Service 用户服务 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web com.baomidou mybatis-plus-boot-starter com.mysql mysql-connector-j org.projectlombok lombok org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-actuator org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-security org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin ``` ### 用户服务配置文件 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/resources/application.yml` ```yaml server: port: 8081 spring: application: name: user-service datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user_db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: root sql: init: mode: never # MyBatis Plus 配置 mybatis-plus: configuration: map-underscore-to-camel-case: true log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl global-config: db-config: id-type: auto logic-delete-field: deleted logic-delete-value: 1 logic-not-delete-value: 0 # Actuator 配置 management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: health,info,metrics ``` ### 用户实体类 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/entity/User.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice.entity; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName; import lombok.Data; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data @TableName("user") public class User { @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO) private Long id; private String username; private String email; private String phone; private String password; private String nickname; private String avatar; private Integer status; private LocalDateTime createTime; private LocalDateTime updateTime; } ``` ### 用户 Mapper 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/mapper/UserMapper.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice.mapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper; import com.mall.userservice.entity.User; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper; @Mapper public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper { } ``` ### 用户 Service 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/service/UserService.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice.service; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService; import com.mall.userservice.entity.User; public interface UserService extends IService { User register(User user); User login(String username, String password); User getByUsername(String username); User getByEmail(String email); } ``` ### 用户 Service 实现 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/service/impl/UserServiceImpl.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice.service.impl; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl; import com.mall.userservice.entity.User; import com.mall.userservice.mapper.UserMapper; import com.mall.userservice.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; @Service public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder; @Override @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class) public User register(User user) { // 检查用户名是否已存在 User existUser = baseMapper.selectOne( new LambdaQueryWrapper() .eq(User::getUsername, user.getUsername()) ); if (existUser != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Username already exists"); } // 检查邮箱是否已存在 existUser = baseMapper.selectOne( new LambdaQueryWrapper() .eq(User::getEmail, user.getEmail()) ); if (existUser != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Email already exists"); } // 加密密码 user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); // 设置默认状态 user.setStatus(1); // 保存用户 save(user); return user; } @Override public User login(String username, String password) { User user = getByUsername(username); if (user == null) { throw new RuntimeException("User not found"); } if (!passwordEncoder.matches(password, user.getPassword())) { throw new RuntimeException("Invalid password"); } if (user.getStatus() != 1) { throw new RuntimeException("User is disabled"); } // 清除密码 user.setPassword(null); return user; } @Override public User getByUsername(String username) { return baseMapper.selectOne( new LambdaQueryWrapper() .eq(User::getUsername, username) ); } @Override public User getByEmail(String email) { return baseMapper.selectOne( new LambdaQueryWrapper() .eq(User::getEmail, email) ); } } ``` ### 用户 Controller 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/controller/UserController.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice.controller; import com.mall.userservice.entity.User; import com.mall.userservice.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/users") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @PostMapping("/register") public Result register(@RequestBody User user) { User registered = userService.register(user); return Result.success("User registered successfully", registered); } @PostMapping("/login") public Result login(@RequestParam String username, @RequestParam String password) { User user = userService.login(username, password); return Result.success("Login successful", user); } @GetMapping("/{id}") public Result getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { User user = userService.getById(id); if (user == null) { return Result.error("User not found"); } user.setPassword(null); return Result.success(user); } @GetMapping("/username/{username}") public Result getUserByUsername(@PathVariable String username) { User user = userService.getByUsername(username); if (user == null) { return Result.error("User not found"); } user.setPassword(null); return Result.success(user); } } ``` ### 统一响应结果类 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/common/Result.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice.common; import lombok.Data; @Data public class Result { private Integer code; private String message; private T data; private Long timestamp; public static Result success(T data) { Result result = new Result<>(); result.setCode(200); result.setMessage("success"); result.setData(data); result.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()); return result; } public static Result success(String message, T data) { Result result = new Result<>(); result.setCode(200); result.setMessage(message); result.setData(data); result.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()); return result; } public static Result error(String message) { Result result = new Result<>(); result.setCode(500); result.setMessage(message); result.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()); return result; } } ``` ### 密码加密配置 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/config/SecurityConfig.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy; import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain; @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig { @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } @Bean public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http .csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable()) .sessionManagement(session -> session .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) ) .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth .anyRequest().permitAll() ); return http.build(); } } ``` ### 启动类 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/java/com/mall/userservice/UserServiceApplication.java` ```java package com.mall.userservice; import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication @MapperScan("com.mall.userservice.mapper") public class UserServiceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(UserServiceApplication.class, args); } } ``` ### 数据库初始化 文件路径： `mall-microservices/user-service/src/main/resources/db/user_db.sql` ```sql CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS user_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; USE user_db; CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名', `email` VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '邮箱', `phone` VARCHAR(20) UNIQUE COMMENT '手机号', `password` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '密码（加密）', `nickname` VARCHAR(50) COMMENT '昵称', `avatar` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT '头像URL', `status` TINYINT DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '状态：1-正常，0-禁用', `create_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `update_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INDEX `idx_username` (`username`), INDEX `idx_email` (`email`), INDEX `idx_phone` (`phone`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='用户表'; ``` ## 步骤3：拆分商品服务 ### 创建商品服务模块 文件路径： `mall-microservices/product-service/pom.xml` ```xml 4.0.0 com.mall mall-microservices 1.0.0 product-service Product Service 商品服务 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web com.baomidou mybatis-plus-boot-starter com.mysql mysql-connector-j org.projectlombok lombok org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-actuator org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin ``` ### 商品服务配置文件 文件路径： `mall-microservices/product-service/src/main/resources/application.yml` ```yaml server: port: 8082 spring: application: name: product-service datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/product_db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: root # MyBatis Plus 配置 mybatis-plus: configuration: map-underscore-to-camel-case: true log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl global-config: db-config: id-type: auto # Actuator 配置 management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: health,info,metrics ``` ### 商品实体类 文件路径： `mall-microservices/product-service/src/main/java/com/mall/productservice/entity/Product.java` ```java package com.mall.productservice.entity; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName; import lombok.Data; import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data @TableName("product") public class Product { @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO) private Long id; private String productName; private String productCode; private Long categoryId; private String description; private BigDecimal price; private String imageUrl; private String images; private Integer status; private LocalDateTime createTime; private LocalDateTime updateTime; } ``` ### 商品 Controller 文件路径： `mall-microservices/product-service/src/main/java/com/mall/productservice/controller/ProductController.java` ```java package com.mall.productservice.controller; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page; import com.mall.productservice.entity.Product; import com.mall.productservice.service.ProductService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/products") public class ProductController { @Autowired private ProductService productService; @GetMapping public Result> getProducts( @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") Integer page, @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") Integer size, @RequestParam(required = false) Long categoryId, @RequestParam(required = false) String keyword) { Page productPage = productService.getProducts(page, size, categoryId, keyword); return Result.success(productPage); } @GetMapping("/{id}") public Result getProduct(@PathVariable Long id) { Product product = productService.getById(id); if (product == null) { return Result.error("Product not found"); } return Result.success(product); } @PostMapping public Result createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) { productService.save(product); return Result.success("Product created successfully", product); } } ``` ### 数据库初始化 文件路径： `mall-microservices/product-service/src/main/resources/db/product_db.sql` ```sql CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS product_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; USE product_db; CREATE TABLE `category` ( `id` BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, `parent_id` BIGINT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '父分类ID', `category_name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '分类名称', `category_code` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '分类代码', `level` TINYINT DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '分类层级', `sort_order` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '排序', `status` TINYINT DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '状态：1-启用，0-禁用', `create_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `update_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INDEX `idx_parent_id` (`parent_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='商品分类表'; CREATE TABLE `product` ( `id` BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, `product_name` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品名称', `product_code` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '商品编码', `category_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT '分类ID', `description` TEXT COMMENT '商品描述', `price` DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品价格', `image_url` VARCHAR(500) COMMENT '商品主图', `images` TEXT COMMENT '商品图片列表（JSON）', `status` TINYINT DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '状态：1-上架，0-下架', `create_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `update_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INDEX `idx_category_id` (`category_id`), INDEX `idx_product_code` (`product_code`), INDEX `idx_status` (`status`), FOREIGN KEY (`category_id`) REFERENCES `category`(`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='商品表'; ``` ## 步骤4：拆分订单服务 ### 创建订单服务模块 文件路径： `mall-microservices/order-service/pom.xml` ```xml 4.0.0 com.mall mall-microservices 1.0.0 order-service Order Service 订单服务 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web com.baomidou mybatis-plus-boot-starter com.mysql mysql-connector-j org.projectlombok lombok org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-actuator org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin ``` ### 订单服务配置文件 文件路径： `mall-microservices/order-service/src/main/resources/application.yml` ```yaml server: port: 8083 spring: application: name: order-service datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order_db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: root # MyBatis Plus 配置 mybatis-plus: configuration: map-underscore-to-camel-case: true log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl global-config: db-config: id-type: auto # Actuator 配置 management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: health,info,metrics # 服务调用配置（暂时使用硬编码，后续会使用服务发现） service: user: url: http://localhost:8081 product: url: http://localhost:8082 ``` ### 订单实体类 文件路径： `mall-microservices/order-service/src/main/java/com/mall/orderservice/entity/Order.java` ```java package com.mall.orderservice.entity; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName; import lombok.Data; import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @Data @TableName("order") public class Order { @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO) private Long id; private String orderNo; private Long userId; private BigDecimal totalAmount; private BigDecimal payAmount; private Integer status; private Integer paymentStatus; private LocalDateTime paymentTime; private LocalDateTime deliveryTime; private LocalDateTime completeTime; private LocalDateTime cancelTime; private String cancelReason; private String remark; private LocalDateTime createTime; private LocalDateTime updateTime; } ``` ### 订单 Service（包含服务间调用） 文件路径： `mall-microservices/order-service/src/main/java/com/mall/orderservice/service/impl/OrderServiceImpl.java` ```java package com.mall.orderservice.service.impl; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl; import com.mall.orderservice.entity.Order; import com.mall.orderservice.mapper.OrderMapper; import com.mall.orderservice.service.OrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.util.UUID; @Service public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl implements OrderService { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @Value("${service.user.url}") private String userServiceUrl; @Value("${service.product.url}") private String productServiceUrl; @Override @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class) public Order createOrder(Order order) { // 1. 验证用户是否存在（调用用户服务） String userUrl = userServiceUrl + "/api/users/" + order.getUserId(); try { restTemplate.getForObject(userUrl, Object.class); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("User not found: " + order.getUserId()); } // 2. 生成订单号 order.setOrderNo(generateOrderNo()); // 3. 设置订单状态 order.setStatus(0); // 待支付 order.setPaymentStatus(0); // 未支付 // 4. 保存订单 save(order); return order; } private String generateOrderNo() { return "ORD" + System.currentTimeMillis() + UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 8).toUpperCase(); } } ``` ### RestTemplate 配置 文件路径： `mall-microservices/order-service/src/main/java/com/mall/orderservice/config/RestTemplateConfig.java` ```java package com.mall.orderservice.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Configuration public class RestTemplateConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } } ``` ### 数据库初始化 文件路径： `mall-microservices/order-service/src/main/resources/db/order_db.sql` ```sql CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS order_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; USE order_db; CREATE TABLE `order` ( `id` BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, `order_no` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '订单号', `user_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID', `total_amount` DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单总金额', `pay_amount` DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '实付金额', `status` TINYINT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '订单状态：0-待支付，1-已支付，2-已发货，3-已完成，4-已取消', `payment_status` TINYINT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '支付状态：0-未支付，1-已支付，2-已退款', `payment_time` DATETIME COMMENT '支付时间', `delivery_time` DATETIME COMMENT '发货时间', `complete_time` DATETIME COMMENT '完成时间', `cancel_time` DATETIME COMMENT '取消时间', `cancel_reason` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT '取消原因', `remark` VARCHAR(500) COMMENT '订单备注', `create_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `update_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INDEX `idx_order_no` (`order_no`), INDEX `idx_user_id` (`user_id`), INDEX `idx_status` (`status`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='订单表'; CREATE TABLE `order_item` ( `id` BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, `order_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT '订单ID', `product_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT '商品ID', `product_name` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品名称', `product_image` VARCHAR(500) COMMENT '商品图片', `product_price` DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品单价', `quantity` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '购买数量', `subtotal` DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '小计金额', `create_time` DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INDEX `idx_order_id` (`order_id`), FOREIGN KEY (`order_id`) REFERENCES `order`(`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='订单项表'; ``` ## 服务间通信问题 ### 当前问题 当前服务间通信的问题： 1. 硬编码 URL：订单服务中硬编码了用户服务和商品服务的 URL 2. 无法负载均衡：如果服务有多个实例，无法自动负载均衡 3. 服务发现缺失：无法自动发现服务实例 4. 故障处理缺失：服务不可用时没有降级处理 ### 当前实现示例 订单服务调用用户服务（硬编码方式）： ```java // 当前实现：硬编码 URL @Value("${service.user.url}") private String userServiceUrl; public void validateUser(Long userId) { String url = userServiceUrl + "/api/users/" + userId; restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class); } ``` ### 后续改进方向 后续章节将解决以下问题： 1. 第7章：使用 Nacos 实现服务注册与发现 2. 第8章：使用 LoadBalancer 实现负载均衡 3. 第9章：使用 OpenFeign 简化服务调用 4. 第11章：使用 Sentinel 实现熔断降级 ## 测试验证 ### 启动服务 启动顺序： 1. 启动 MySQL 数据库 2. 执行数据库初始化脚本 3. 启动用户服务（端口 8081） 4. 启动商品服务（端口 8082） 5. 启动订单服务（端口 8083） ### 测试用户服务 ```bash # 注册用户 curl -X POST http://localhost:8081/api/users/register \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "username": "testuser", "email": "test@example.com", "password": "123456" }' # 查询用户 curl http://localhost:8081/api/users/1 ``` ### 测试商品服务 ```bash # 查询商品列表 curl http://localhost:8082/api/products?page=1&size=10 # 查询商品详情 curl http://localhost:8082/api/products/1 ``` ### 测试订单服务 ```bash # 创建订单 curl -X POST http://localhost:8083/api/orders \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "userId": 1, "totalAmount": 100.00, "payAmount": 100.00 }' ``` ## 官方资源 - 微服务拆分实战：https://microservices.io/patterns/decomposition/ - Maven 多模块项目：https://maven.apache.org/guides/mini/guide-multiple-modules.html ## 本节小结在本节中，我们完成了服务拆分实战： 第一个是创建父项目。 创建了 Maven 父项目，统一管理所有微服务的依赖版本。 第二个是拆分用户服务。 创建了独立的用户服务，包含完整的代码实现和数据库设计。 第三个是拆分商品服务。 创建了独立的商品服务，包含商品管理和分类功能。 第四个是拆分订单服务。 创建了订单服务，并实现了服务间调用（当前使用硬编码 URL）。 第五个是服务间通信问题。 识别了当前服务间通信的问题，为后续章节的改进打下基础。这就是服务拆分实战。通过实际拆分，我们创建了三个独立的微服务，每个服务都有独立的数据库和完整的代码实现。在下一章，我们将学习 Spring Cloud Alibaba，并使用 Nacos 解决服务发现的问题。

课程内容

课程介绍与技术栈概览

为什么选择Java 21

Spring 6和Spring Boot 3基础

搭建单体商城服务

DDD领域驱动设计实战

微服务架构理论与实践

Spring Cloud Alibaba概览

Nacos服务注册与发现

Spring Cloud LoadBalancer

Spring Cloud OpenFeign

Nacos配置中心

Sentinel流量控制与熔断

Seata分布式事务

Gateway API网关

Spring Cloud Security

其他Spring Cloud Alibaba组件

综合实战与总结